HISTORY of HANDPHONE

Who does not know or a mobile phone was introduced in the 1980, now it has become communications equipment supplies daily. Even now this tool has been regarded as a 'friend' on the road or in a very practical move that could connect us with relationships, colleagues, and family from anywhere.

To reach this stage, hundreds of engineers have spent many years in laboratoirum to learn the mysteries of electromagnetic waves, radio waves following properties classification, until the parameters of atmospheric air or into propagation media.
Initially phone has not become a super-sophisticated equipment. This tool is basically just a radio transceiver (transmitter-receiver) used to, like walkie-talkies or the Handle-talkie that often become standard equipment in police or security officers.

Called Phone cellular for departing from the signal amplifier built stretch of the antenna network RBS (radio base station), which become tools and spreaders signal catcher. For a city, commonly referred to network providers or providers are providers who then share it in the form of an imaginary cell, where each cell would be represented by an antenna RBS. That's why mobile phone (mobile phone) is also known as cellular telephones.

History of mobile phones and other wireless telecommunications equipment, associated with the results of experiments performed two scientists named James Clerk Maxwell (1831-1879) and Heinrich Hertz (1857-1894). Maxwell managed to uncover some of the natural phenomena of electromagnetic waves, where the speed of magnetic-electric wave radiation is equal to the speed of propagation of light, which is about 186,000 miles (300,000 kilometers) every second. Furthermore, Hertz complete results of scientific studies reveal that Maxwell with radio waves are part of this natural phenomenon. To appreciate the efforts of Hertz, the world scientific community and then using the name 'Hertz' as the unit of frequency or vibrations every second.

This technology came into use in 1970 beginning with the use of microprocessors for communications technology. And in 1971, the first mobile phone network opened in Finland called ARP. Following that NMT in Scandinavia in 1981 and AMPS in 1983. The use of analogue technology in the first generation that has caused many limitations such as traffic capacity is small, the number of subscribers that can fit in one little cell, and the wasteful use of frequency spectrum.
On the other hand, the increasing number of customers can not be accommodated first generation. In addition, technology can only serve 1G voice communications, unlike 2G can be used for SMS. NMT Nordic Mobile Telephone or is the analog mobile phone network which was first used internationally in Northern Europe. This network operates at a frequency of 450 MHz so it is often called the NMT-450, NMT-900 are also operating at 900 MHz.
Given the market demands and the need for better quality, was born into two-generation technology, or 2G. This generation is already using digital technology. Technology is another 2G IS-95 CDMA, IS-136 TDMA and PDC. The second generation are not only used for voice communications, also can be used for SMS and data transfer with a maximum speed of 9600 bps (bits per second). For comparison, the widely used modem for Internet connection speed 56,000 bps (5.6 kbps). Excess 2G than 1G in addition to better service, in terms of capacity is also greater. Since the 2G, one frequency can be used multiple customers using the mechanism of Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA)
2G technological standards of the most widely used today is a GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication), as most mobile phones in use today. GSM operates at a frequency of 900, 1800 and 1900 MHz. GSM also supports 14.4 kbps speed data communications.

History of 2G mobile phones (GSM)

GSM history begins with the holding of the post and telegraph conferences in Europe in 1982. This conference formed a study group called Groupe Special Mobile (GSM) to study and develop a public communication system in Europe. In 1989, the task was handed over to the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) and the GSM Phase I was launched in mid 1991.

In 1993, there were 36 GSM networks in 22 countries. Uniqueness compared to the first generation GSM SMS service. SMS or Short Message Service is a two-way service for sending short messages of 160 characters. GSM currently used already entered phase two.
After 2G, 2.5 G was born generation which is a better version of the second generation. Generation 2.5 has the ability of faster data transfer. Famous of this generation is the GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) and EDGE.

History of 3G Mobile
The rapid development of mobile communications, now began to move to the next generation which is predicted to be a promising cellular communications technology. Third generation or 3G is the latest in the world of cellular technology. This generation is better known as UMTS (Universal mobile Telecommunications System) or WCDMA (Wideband - coded Division Multiple Access). The advantage of this new generation is located at data transfer speeds up to 384 kbps in outdoor and 2 Mbps for indoor applications. This generation can provide multimedia services such as internet, video streaming, video telephony, and others better. This third-generation CDMA technology which originally emerged from the United States military technology and is specific to the IS-95 standard. Several patents on networks that exist today are based on CDMA technology owned by Qualcomm Inc., So that equipment makers to pay royalties.
CDMA technology to make the capacity of a cell to be larger than the GSM system since the CDMA system, each call communication has a specific code that allows many customers to use the same radio sources without mutual interference and cross talk. Radio source in this case is the frequency and time slots are provided for each cell.
CDMA-based wireless communication system was first used in 1995 and until now, CDMA is the main rival of the GSM system in many countries. In 1999, the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) chose CDMA as a technology standard for third generation (3G). CDMA is widely used variant is the WCDMA and TD-SCDMA.
The high bit rate, which is owned CDMA Technology CDMA operators can cause a lot of multimedia applications provide a better and more varied. Imagine only with a cell phone, we have a camera facility, video, computers, stereos and radios. In addition, various entertainment facilities can be enjoyed such as video clips, traffic conditions in real time, teleconference, even just made a reservation at a restaurant, hotel and for making online payments simply by pressing the button on the phone.
In the long term, CDMA and other technologies such as GSM will be compared based on the total cost every subscriber of a network of telephone infrastructure and aircraft prices. With 3G, cheap and quality of communication rather than mere dreams.